Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Agriculture in India is inherently seasonal in nature. The demand for labor fluctuates significantly depending on the stage of the crop cycle, leading to periods of intense activity followed by lean periods with little to no work.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Rural life and economic activities are deeply synchronized with agricultural seasons. Major events, festivals, and daily routines revolve around critical agricultural activities such as sowing, weeding, and harvesting.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Agricultural laborers do not have constant work throughout the year. They face seasonal unemployment, where they are employed only during specific times (e.g., sowing and harvesting) and remain unemployed or underemployed during the interval periods between crops.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Due to the seasonal nature of agriculture, laborers often migrate to urban areas or other regions during lean seasons (when no farm work is available) to seek alternative employment in sectors like construction, brick kilns, or casual labor.
Key Takeaway:
Agricultural employment is characterized by seasonality, leading to seasonal unemployment and distress migration during lean periods.