The correct option is 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The Satavahana dynasty, ruling the Deccan region, is known for integrating local social traditions with Brahmanical claims. While they presented themselves as upholders of the varna order and unique Brahmanas (eka bamhana), their social practices occasionally diverged from orthodox Dharmashastra norms.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Satavahana rulers are well-known for using metronymics (names derived from their mothers, such as Gautamiputra and Vashishthiputra). However, the usage of metronymics did not indicate a matrilineal system of inheritance. The succession to the throne was strictly patrilineal, passing from father to son.
Statement 2 is Correct: Historical records and inscriptions indicate that polygyny (the practice of having multiple wives) was present among the Satavahana rulers. Several kings are recorded as having more than one queen.
Statement 3 is Correct: According to orthodox Brahmanical texts, marriage should be exogamous (outside the kin group or gotra). However, the Satavahanas practiced endogamy (marriage within the kin group). Evidence suggests the prevalence of cross-cousin marriages, which aligns with South Indian kinship patterns but violates the Brahmanical rule of exogamy.
Key Takeaway: The Satavahanas combined metronymics with patrilineal succession and practiced endogamy, deviating from the standard Brahmanical prescription of exogamy.