The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
India has three major cropping seasons: Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid. The Rabi season is characterized by the cultivation of crops during the winter months, relying on residual soil moisture and winter precipitation.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Crops sown with the onset of the southwest monsoon (June-July) are known as Kharif crops (e.g., paddy, maize).
Statement 2 is Correct: The availability of precipitation during winter months due to western temperate cyclones (Western Disturbances) is highly beneficial for the success of Rabi crops, particularly wheat, in the northwestern parts of India.
Statement 3 is Correct: Important Rabi crops include wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard. These crops generally require cool climates during germination and growth, and warm climates during maturation.
Key Takeaway: The Rabi season corresponds to the winter months (October-December sowing), distinct from the Kharif season (Monsoon sowing). Western Disturbances play a critical role in the productivity of Rabi crops in North India.