The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Puranas are a vast genre of Indian literature that played a pivotal role in the evolution of popular Hinduism. Unlike the Vedas, which focused on complex rituals and philosophy, the Puranas utilized mythology and legends to convey religious and moral teachings to the masses.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
A defining characteristic of the Puranas was their accessibility. While the study of the Vedas was restricted to the upper three varnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas) and generally excluded women and Shudras, the Puranas were explicitly meant to be heard by everybody, including women and Shudras. They were recited in temples by priests for a general audience. - Statement 2 is Correct.
To ensure the dissemination of religious knowledge to the common people, the Puranas were written in simple Sanskrit. This linguistic simplicity stood in contrast to the complex and archaic Vedic Sanskrit used in the Vedas, making the texts easier to comprehend and recite. - Statement 3 is Correct.
The Puranas traditionally deal with five core subjects, known as Panchalaksana. One of these subjects is Sarga, which refers to the creation of the world. They contain elaborate cosmological accounts regarding the origin of the universe, the earth, and living beings.
Key Takeaway:
The Puranas democratized Brahmanical religion by using simple Sanskrit and allowing access to women and Shudras, thereby integrating diverse social groups into the fold of Puranic Hinduism.