The correct option is 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The Progressive Artists' Group (PAG) was a seminal movement in modern Indian art, established in Bombay in 1947. It sought to break away from both the revivalist nationalism of the Bengal School and the academic realism favored by British art institutions, aiming to establish a distinct modernist vocabulary.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The Progressive Artists' Group was founded by F.N. Souza, along with S.H. Raza, M.F. Husain, K.H. Ara, H.A. Gade, and S.K. Bakre. Abanindranath Tagore was the founder of the Bengal School of Art, which focused on reviving traditional Indian techniques and themes. The PAG was actually formed in opposition to the ideals propagated by the Bengal School.
Statement 2 is Correct:
M.F. Husain, a prominent member of the group, developed a unique style that synthesized Western modernism (particularly Cubism and Expressionism) with Indian motifs and vibrant colors. His work often featured bold lines and fragmented forms, reflecting the influence of European movements while retaining Indian sensibilities.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The group's manifesto, written by F.N. Souza, explicitly rejected the "static" and sentimental content of the Bengal School as well as the rigid naturalism taught in British art schools. They advocated for an art form that was international in outlook yet relevant to the Indian context, emphasizing secular and formalistic experimentation.
Key Takeaway:
The Progressive Artists' Group (1947) marked the transition to Modernism in Indian art, rejecting the revivalist Bengal School and British academic realism in favor of international styles like Expressionism and Cubism.