The correct Answer is
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, engaged in extensive trade and procurement networks to obtain raw materials not readily available within their core regions. These materials were essential for crafts, ornaments, and other utilitarian purposes.Statement-wise Analysis
- Correct: Harappans established settlements like Shortughai in Afghanistan, which was strategically located near sources of lapis lazuli. This blue stone was highly valued and used for ornaments.
- Correct: The Khetri region in Rajasthan is well-documented as a significant source of copper for the Harappan civilization. Archaeological evidence supports the extraction and trade of copper from this area.
- Correct: Gold was a precious metal used by the Harappans. It is widely believed that they procured gold from regions in South India, particularly from the Kolar Gold Fields area, through established trade routes.
- Correct: Archaeological findings indicate that the Ganeshwar-Jodhpura culture, located in the Khetri region of Rajasthan, was closely associated with copper mining and supplied copper to the Harappan civilization. Expeditions from Harappan sites to this region facilitated the procurement of copper.