The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Prime Meridian is the meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. It serves as the reference point for the Earth's time zones and divides the planet into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Statement 1 is Correct: The Prime Meridian is the line of reference for longitudes. All other longitudes are measured in degrees east or west from this line, up to 180°.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The line of reference for latitudes is the Equator (0° Latitude). The Prime Meridian is perpendicular to the Equator and relates specifically to longitudinal coordinates.
Statement 3 is Correct: The Prime Meridian passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. This location was adopted internationally in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference to establish a standard reference for mapping and timekeeping.
Key Takeaway: The Prime Meridian represents 0° Longitude and passes through Greenwich, serving as the reference for calculating time and longitudinal position, whereas the Equator represents 0° Latitude.