The correct option is 1, 2 and 3.
Explanation
The Presidential System of government operates on the doctrine of separation of powers between the legislative and executive organs. Unlike the Parliamentary system, which is based on cooperation and coordination, the Presidential system is characterized by a single executive who is independent of the legislature regarding tenure and policy formulation.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: In a Presidential system, the President plays a dual role. He acts as both the Head of State (ceremonial head) and the Head of Government (real executive authority). This contrasts with the Parliamentary system, where these two roles are separated between the President/Monarch and the Prime Minister.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The President is usually elected directly by the people or by an electoral college that reflects a direct popular mandate. This election is independent of the legislature, giving the executive a distinct legitimacy.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The executive (President and ministers) is not accountable to the legislature for its policies and acts. The President is not a member of the legislature, does not attend its sessions, and cannot be removed by the legislature through a 'no-confidence motion' (except through impeachment for unconstitutional acts).
Key Takeaway:
The core distinction of the Presidential System is the non-responsibility of the executive to the legislature and the stability of the government, as opposed to the accountability found in the Parliamentary System.