Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 2 only.
Explanation
The Constituent Assembly deliberated extensively on the form of government, weighing the stability of the American Presidential system against the accountability of the British Parliamentary system. The final choice was guided by the need for a responsible government and the avoidance of legislative-executive conflicts.
Statement 1 is Correct: The Constitution makers aimed for a government capable of effective governance and maintaining national unity. While the Presidential system offers a stable executive, it is prone to deadlocks between the executive and the legislature. The makers preferred the Parliamentary system because it ensures cooperation between the executive and the legislature, thereby creating a "strong" government capable of implementing its legislative agenda without paralysis.
Statement 2 is Correct: There was a distinct apprehension regarding the "personality cult" or hero-worship in politics. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and others argued that a Presidential system, which concentrates immense power in a single individual, could pave the way for dictatorship. The Parliamentary system, with a collective executive (Council of Ministers), was seen as a safeguard against such tendencies.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Constitution adopts the Parliamentary form of government for both the Union (Centre) and the States. Articles 74 and 75 govern the parliamentary system at the Centre, while Articles 163 and 164 establish the same structure for the States.
Key Takeaway: The Indian Constitution prioritizes responsibility over stability. The Parliamentary system was adopted at both the National and State levels to ensure the executive remains accountable to the legislature and to prevent the emergence of authoritarian leadership.