The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The Pole Star (Polaris) is aligned almost perfectly with the Earth's rotational axis above the North Pole. Consequently, it appears stationary in the sky while other stars rotate around it. This unique position makes it a critical reference point for celestial navigation in the Northern Hemisphere.-
Statement 1 is Correct: The angle of elevation (altitude) of the Pole Star above the horizon is directly equal to the latitude of the observer.
- At the North Pole (90° N), the Pole Star is directly overhead (90° altitude).
- At the Equator (0°), the Pole Star lies on the horizon (0° altitude).
- Therefore, by measuring the angle of the Pole Star from the horizon, one can determine the latitude of that place.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Longitude represents the angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. The altitude of the Pole Star does not change based on longitude; it remains constant along a specific latitude regardless of the east-west position. Longitude is typically determined by comparing local time with a standard reference time (such as Greenwich Mean Time).
Key Takeaway: In the Northern Hemisphere, the angle of the Pole Star above the horizon is always equal to the observer's latitude.