The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Pallava dynasty played a pioneering role in the evolution of South Indian temple architecture, transitioning from rock-cut caves to structural stone temples. Mahendravarma I was a significant ruler who initiated the "Mahendra style" of rock-cut architecture.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Mahendravarma I ruled the Pallava dynasty from approximately 600 CE to 630 CE, which falls within the seventh century. He was the son of Simhavishnu and was succeeded by his son Narasimhavarman I.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While Mahendravarma I is credited with the rock-cut cave temple at Mandagapattu (where he famously declared creating a temple without brick, timber, metal, or mortar), the structural temples at Panamalai (Talagirisvara temple) and Kanchipuram (specifically the Kailasanatha temple) are attributed to Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha). The architectural style shifted from rock-cut caves to structural temples during Rajasimha's reign.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Mahendravarma I was a polymath and a great patron of arts, literature, and music. He authored the Sanskrit play Mattavilasa Prahasana. Due to his expertise and interest in painting, he was accorded the title 'Chitrakarapuli' (Tiger among painters). He also held other titles such as Vichitrachitta (curious-minded) and Mattavilasa.
Key Takeaway:
Mahendravarma I is associated with the initiation of rock-cut cave architecture (Mandagapattu inscription) and titles like Chitrakarapuli and Vichitrachitta. The structural temples at Panamalai and Kanchipuram belong to the later Rajasimha style (Narasimhavarman II).