The correct option is (b) 2 only.
Explanation
The development of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent occurred in distinct phases and regions during the Neolithic period. Different geographical zones are associated with the domestication of specific crops based on climatic conditions and archaeological evidence.
Statement 1 is Incorrect.
The Sulaiman and Kirthar hills are located in the northwestern part of the subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan). Archaeological evidence indicates that early human settlements in this region began growing crops such as wheat and barley approximately 8,000 years ago. Rice was not the primary crop associated with the early agricultural history of this specific region.
Statement 2 is Correct.
Agriculture also developed independently in other regions, including the Garo hills to the north-east and the Vindhyas in central India. Archaeological findings confirm that the places where rice was first cultivated are located to the north of the Vindhyas. Notable Neolithic sites such as Koldihwa and Mahagara in the Belan Valley (Uttar Pradesh) provide some of the earliest evidence of rice cultivation in the subcontinent.
Key Takeaway:
In the context of early agriculture in the Indian subcontinent, the Sulaiman and Kirthar hills are associated with the origin of wheat and barley, whereas the region north of the Vindhyas is associated with the origin of rice cultivation.