The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993. It serves as a watchdog for the protection and promotion of human rights in India.
Statement 1 is Correct: The NHRC was established on October 12, 1993, through the enactment of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It is a statutory body, not a constitutional body.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The NHRC functions primarily as a recommendatory body. It does not possess the power to punish violators of human rights, nor can it award monetary relief directly. Crucially, it does not have the power to prosecute individuals guilty of human rights violations; it can only recommend the initiation of proceedings for prosecution to the concerned government or authority.
Statement 3 is Correct: The composition of the Commission includes judicial members. Specifically, the members include:
- A member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court.
- A member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court.
Key Takeaway: The NHRC is a statutory body established in 1993 with recommendatory powers; it lacks the legal authority to prosecute offenders or enforce penal actions independently.