The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
In India, traditional communities have a long history of nature conservation deeply embedded in their cultural and religious beliefs. This includes the protection of specific flora and fauna and the preservation of forest patches known as Sacred Groves.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The Mundas and Santhals of the Chota Nagpur region do not forbid the worship of Mahua or Kadamba. On the contrary, they worship the Mahua (Bassia latifolia) and Kadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba) trees. The tribals of Odisha and Bihar are known to worship Tamarind and Mango trees during weddings.
Statement 2 is Correct:
The Bishnoi community of Rajasthan is renowned for its environmental conservation efforts. They strictly protect the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Nilgai, and Peacocks, as well as the Khejri trees, considering them an integral part of their community.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Tribal communities, including the Mundas and Santhals, protect patches of virgin forest dedicated to deities. These patches are called Sacred Groves (known locally by names such as Sarna or Deorai). Within these groves, and as part of their broader belief system, they protect specific trees like the Mahua and Kadamba mentioned in the context of their worship.
Key Takeaway:
Mundas and Santhals (Chota Nagpur) worship Mahua and Kadamba trees. The Bishnoi community (Rajasthan) protects the Blackbuck and Khejri trees.