The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
The Indus Valley Civilization produced a variety of artistic works, including stone statues, bronze castings, and terracotta figurines. The "Mother Goddess" figurines are among the most distinct terracotta artifacts, believed to represent fertility or a deity associated with the earth.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Mother Goddess figurines are hand-modeled and made of terracotta (fired clay). Unlike the refined stone or bronze sculptures, terracotta art in the Harappan culture was typically crude and produced in larger quantities for popular use.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: These figurines are not plain; they are characterized by heavy ornamentation. They are typically depicted wearing elaborate loincloths, girdles, and necklaces. A distinct feature is the fan-shaped headdress with a cup-like projection on each side, which may have been used to burn oil or incense.
- Statement 3 is Correct: These figurines have been found in large numbers at major urban centers like Mohenjodaro and Harappa. However, it is important to note that they are rare or absent in certain other sites, such as Lothal and Kalibangan.
Key Takeaway: The Mother Goddess figurines are crude terracotta artifacts found abundantly in Mohenjodaro, distinguished by their elaborate fan-shaped headdresses and heavy jewellery, symbolizing fertility or religious worship.