Consider the following statements regarding the Mongol invasions of the Delhi Sultanate: 1. The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in north-east Iran in the early thirteenth century. 2. Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate decreased significantly during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The correct option is (a) 1 only Explanation The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, became a significant external threat to the Delhi Sultanate during the 13th and 14th centuries. The Sultanate's policies, particularly under the Khaljis and Tughlaqs, were heavily influenced by the need to defend against these invasions. Statement-wise Analysis: - Statement 1 is Correct: The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana (a region in Central Asia, historically associated with the north-eastern frontiers of Greater Iran/Persia) in 1219 CE. This event occurred in the early thirteenth century. Following this invasion, the Mongols turned their attention toward the Indian subcontinent, forcing rulers like Iltutmish to adopt diplomatic caution to avoid direct conflict. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate actually increased significantly during the reign of Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316 CE). The Sultanate faced massive invasions in 1299, 1303, 1305, and 1306. To counter this intensified threat, Alauddin Khalji mobilized a large standing army, constructed the garrison town of Siri, and implemented market reforms to sustain his military expenses. Key Takeaway: The Mongol threat was at its peak during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, necessitating extensive military and economic reforms, whereas Genghis Khan's activities in the early 13th century were focused on Transoxiana and the frontiers of the Sultanate under Iltutmish.

NCERT Class 7 History — Chapter 3: Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

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Consider the following statements regarding the Mongol invasions of the Delhi Sultanate:

The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in north-east Iran in the early thirteenth century.
Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate decreased significantly during the reign of Alauddin Khalji.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is (a) 1 only

Explanation

The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, became a significant external threat to the Delhi Sultanate during the 13th and 14th centuries. The Sultanate's policies, particularly under the Khaljis and Tughlaqs, were heavily influenced by the need to defend against these invasions.

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Correct: The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana (a region in Central Asia, historically associated with the north-eastern frontiers of Greater Iran/Persia) in 1219 CE. This event occurred in the early thirteenth century. Following this invasion, the Mongols turned their attention toward the Indian subcontinent, forcing rulers like Iltutmish to adopt diplomatic caution to avoid direct conflict.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate actually increased significantly during the reign of Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316 CE). The Sultanate faced massive invasions in 1299, 1303, 1305, and 1306. To counter this intensified threat, Alauddin Khalji mobilized a large standing army, constructed the garrison town of Siri, and implemented market reforms to sustain his military expenses.

Key Takeaway:
The Mongol threat was at its peak during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, necessitating extensive military and economic reforms, whereas Genghis Khan's activities in the early 13th century were focused on Transoxiana and the frontiers of the Sultanate under Iltutmish.

Your note

More from Chapter 3: Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

With reference to the history of Delhi as an urban centre, consider the following statements: 1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs. 2. It became an important commercial centre only after the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the thirteenth century. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to the "Circle of Justice" described by Fakhr-i Mudabbir, consider the following statements: 1. It emphasized that the king's survival was independent of the peasantry's prosperity. 2. It implied that soldiers' salaries come from the revenue collected from peasants. 3. It suggested that justice and honest governance were essential for revenue collection. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Consider the following statements regarding the institution of bandagan under the early Delhi Sultans: 1. They were special slaves purchased specifically for military service. 2. Sultan Iltutmish removed them from all important political offices. 3. Unlike sons, they were considered less reliable because they lacked royal blood. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to the administrative system of the Delhi Sultanate, consider the following statements regarding iqtas and muqtis: 1. The iqta was a territorial assignment given to military commanders. 2. The office of the muqti was made hereditary to ensure stability in the provinces. 3. The muqtis were solely responsible for revenue collection and had no military or administrative duties. 4. Accountants were appointed by the state to check the revenue collected by the muqtis. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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Consider the following statements regarding the taxation system under the Delhi Sultanate: 1. Kharaj was a tax on cultivation amounting to about 50 per cent of the peasant’s produce. 2. Zakat was a tax levied exclusively on non-Muslim subjects. 3. Taxes were also levied on cattle and houses. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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The correct option is (a) 1 only

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Correct: The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana (a region in Central Asia, historically associated with the north-eastern frontiers of Greater Iran/Persia) in 1219 CE. This event occurred in the early thirteenth century. Following this invasion, the Mongols turned their attention toward the Indian subcontinent, forcing rulers like Iltutmish to adopt diplomatic caution to avoid direct conflict.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate actually increased significantly during the reign of Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316 CE). The Sultanate faced massive invasions in 1299, 1303, 1305, and 1306. To counter this intensified threat, Alauddin Khalji mobilized a large standing army, constructed the garrison town of Siri, and implemented market reforms to sustain his military expenses.