The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Longitudes are angular distances measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. Unlike latitudes, which are parallel circles, longitudes are semi-circles that converge at the poles.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: For precise location, each degree (°) of longitude is subdivided into 60 minutes ('). This follows the standard sexagesimal system used in angular measurement.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Minutes of longitude are further divided into 60 seconds ("), not hours. While longitude is used to calculate local time (where 15° longitude corresponds to 1 hour), the angular unit itself is subdivided into seconds.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The distance between degrees of longitude is not constant. It is maximum at the Equator (approximately 111.3 km) and decreases progressively as one moves towards the poles, eventually becoming zero at the poles where all meridians converge.
Key Takeaway: Longitudes are semi-circles converging at the poles. Consequently, the linear distance between two meridians decreases from the Equator to the poles, unlike latitudes where the distance remains roughly constant.