The correct option is (c) Both 1 and 2.
Explanation
Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) is the distinctive deluxe pottery associated with the Second Urbanisation period (c. 6th century BCE onwards) in the Indian subcontinent. It is primarily found in the Gangetic plains and is known for its superior quality and finish compared to earlier ceramic traditions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The production of NBPW involved exposing the earthenware to very high temperatures in the kiln. This high-temperature firing, typically under reducing conditions, contributed to the hardness of the ware and the blackening of its outer surface.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A fine black slip was applied to the pottery before firing. This slip, combined with the firing technique, gave the pottery its characteristic mirror-like shine and metallic appearance.
Key Takeaway:
NBPW is a hard, wheel-made pottery characterized by a glossy black surface and metallic ring, serving as a key archaeological marker for the Mahajanapada and Mauryan periods.