The correct option is (c).
Explanation
In the agricultural sector, employment is highly seasonal. The agricultural cycle consists of peak seasons (sowing and harvesting) and lean seasons (intervals between major agricultural operations). Understanding this distinction is crucial to comprehending the economic vulnerability of rural labourers.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The "lean season" refers to the period when agricultural work is scarce or unavailable, not when it is abundant. Work is most abundant during the "peak season," which typically involves labour-intensive activities like ploughing, sowing, and harvesting. The lean season usually occurs after the harvest is complete or during the crop maturation phase when labour demand drops.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Due to the lack of employment opportunities in agriculture during the lean season, labourers often resort to distress migration to urban areas or seek employment in the non-farm sector (e.g., construction, brick kilns, or MGNREGA works) to sustain their livelihoods.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Agricultural labourers are predominantly daily wage earners. Consequently, the unavailability of work during the lean season leads to a significant reduction in income generation, often forcing households into debt or food insecurity.
Key Takeaway:
The lean season is a period of seasonal unemployment in agriculture characterized by a lack of work and reduced income, forcing labourers to seek alternative non-farm employment or migrate.