The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Harappan urban planning generally featured a dual division of settlements into a Citadel (raised upper town) and a Lower Town. While fortifications were a common feature, the specific layout and internal walls varied across different sites like Dholavira and Lothal.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
Dholavira is distinct for its tripartite division (Citadel, Middle Town, and Lower Town) and massive stone fortifications. However, the claim that Lothal had no fortification walls is factually wrong. The entire settlement of Lothal was rectangular and surrounded by a wall of burnt bricks to protect it from frequent floods.
- Statement 2 is Correct.
While the Citadel in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro was separated from the Lower Town by a wall, Lothal presented a different layout. At Lothal, the Citadel (Acropolis) was not walled off from the Lower Town; instead, it was elevated on a high mud-brick platform to provide distinction and protection.
Key Takeaway:
Lothal was a fortified settlement where the Citadel was distinguished by its height (built on platforms) rather than by an internal separating wall, unlike the standard Harappan layout found in Mohenjo-daro.