Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a forest management strategy in India that emphasizes a partnership between the Forest Department and local village communities. It aims to regenerate and protect degraded forests through community participation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The JFM programme depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. It formally involves local communities in the management and restoration of these resources.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The programme has been in formal existence since 1988, when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for Joint Forest Management. It was not Rajasthan.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The core incentive of the JFM programme is benefit-sharing. In return for their protection services, community members are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produce and a share in the timber harvested upon successful protection. They are not denied this share.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Joint Forest Management (JFM) was first resolved by Odisha in 1988. It incentivizes local communities to protect degraded forests by granting them rights to non-timber forest produce and a share in the final timber harvest.