Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it. It is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The organization was founded in 1948. While commonly referred to as the IUCN, its full legal name is the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The concept of Biodiversity Hotspots was originally developed by the ecologist Norman Myers in 1988. The organization that adopted hotspots as its guiding principle and is primarily responsible for identifying and monitoring them is Conservation International (CI), not the IUCN.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The IUCN publishes the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (often called the IUCN Red List). It is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The IUCN is the authority behind the Red List of Threatened Species, whereas the identification and promotion of Biodiversity Hotspots is primarily associated with Conservation International.