The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Apiculture, or beekeeping, involves the maintenance of honey bee colonies for the production of honey and beeswax. For commercial success, specific varieties of bees are selected based on desirable traits such as honey yield, temperament, and breeding efficiency. The Italian bee (Apis mellifera) is an exotic breed commonly introduced for high-yield honey production.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Italian bee (Apis mellifera) is specifically chosen for commercial apiculture because it has a high honey collection capacity. It is far more productive in terms of honey yield compared to many local varieties like Apis cerana indica.
- Statement 2 is Correct. A significant advantage of Apis mellifera is its temperament; it is known to sting less than indigenous varieties. This gentle nature makes the management of hives and the collection of honey easier and safer for beekeepers.
- Statement 3 is Correct. These bees are known to stay in a given beehive for long periods (less prone to absconding or swarming frequently) and breed very well. These characteristics ensure a stable and populous colony, which is essential for maximizing nectar collection and honey production.
Key Takeaway:
Apis mellifera is preferred in the apiculture industry due to its high honey yield, gentle nature (low stinging tendency), and hive stability.