The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is the primary legislation in India enacted for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants. It provides a legal framework to ensure the ecological and environmental security of the country.
Statement 1 is Correct: The Act was implemented in 1972. It extends to the whole of India and provides for the protection of the country's wild animals, birds, and plant species.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Act was enacted to prohibit hunting rather than encourage it. Section 9 of the Act strictly prohibits the hunting of any wild animal specified in Schedules I, II, III, and IV, except under specific conditions such as self-defense or if the animal has become dangerous to human life.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Act does not allow unrestricted trade. Instead, it strictly regulates and restricts trade and commerce in wild animals, animal articles, and trophies. The objective is to prevent the exploitation of wildlife for commercial gain, which is a major threat to biodiversity.
Key Takeaway: The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 established a comprehensive legal framework to ban hunting, protect habitats through Protected Areas (National Parks and Sanctuaries), and control the illegal trade of wildlife products.