Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The physiography of India, particularly the southward extension of the Peninsular Plateau, plays a critical role in defining the country's geopolitical and commercial significance within the Indian Ocean Region. This unique geography influences maritime divisions and trade connectivity.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Indian landmass, specifically the Peninsular Plateau, protrudes southward into the Indian Ocean. This physical projection divides the northern part of the Indian Ocean into two distinct water bodies: the Arabian Sea to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: India does not have a peripheral location; rather, it occupies a strategic central location at the head of the Indian Ocean. The Deccan Peninsula extends into the ocean, allowing India to maintain close contact with West Asia, Africa, and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The trans-Indian Ocean routes, which connect the industrially developed countries of Europe and West Asia to the dynamic economies of East Asia, pass close to the Indian subcontinent. India's central position enables it to serve as a crucial node in these global maritime trade routes.
Key Takeaway
India's Centrality: The triangular shape of the Peninsular Plateau divides the Indian Ocean and grants India a strategic central position, facilitating maritime trade between the West (Europe/West Asia) and the East (East Asia/Southeast Asia).