The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Indian Standard Time (IST) is established based on the Standard Meridian of India (82°30' E). This meridian is selected to provide a uniform time zone for the entire country, balancing the longitudinal vastness of the Indian subcontinent.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: India's longitudinal extent spans approximately 30 degrees, from 68°7' E in Gujarat to 97°25' E in Arunachal Pradesh. Since the Earth rotates 15 degrees per hour, this 30-degree difference results in a time lag of approximately two hours between the westernmost point (Gujarat) and the easternmost point (Arunachal Pradesh).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Standard Meridian of India (82°30' E) passes through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh). It also traverses states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. It does not pass through Jaipur, Rajasthan, which is located much further west (approximately 75°49' E).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The time calculated at the Standard Meridian is applied uniformly as the official time for the entire country, encompassing all northern, southern, eastern, and western states. There is no separate time zone for specific regions.
Key Takeaway: India adheres to a single time zone (UTC+5:30) derived from the 82°30' E longitude passing through Mirzapur, ensuring administrative consistency despite the significant longitudinal gap between its eastern and western borders.