The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
India occupies a strategic position at the head of the Indian Ocean. The physical geography of the Indian landmass, specifically the southward extension of the peninsula, plays a crucial role in defining the maritime boundaries and divisions of the northern Indian Ocean.
Statement 1 is Correct:
India is located in the south-central part of the Asian continent. The country projects southward into the Indian Ocean, establishing a central location between East and West Asia. This geographical positioning is significant for trade routes connecting Europe and Africa with East Asia.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The Indian Peninsula divides the northern part of the Indian Ocean into two distinct arms: the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. Consequently, the Bay of Bengal is not the only arm of the Indian Ocean.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Sri Lanka is an island nation situated in the Indian Ocean, located to the southeast of the tip of the Indian peninsula. It is geographically separated from India by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Key Takeaway:
The triangular shape of the Indian Peninsular Plateau divides the northern Indian Ocean into two major water bodies: the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.