The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The formation of an image by a plane mirror is governed by the laws of reflection. The characteristics of the image-such as its nature, position, and orientation-are determined by the path of light rays as they reflect off the mirror surface and appear to originate from a point behind it.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual. This occurs because the reflected light rays do not actually meet at a point; rather, they appear to diverge from a point located behind the mirror. As a result, the image cannot be obtained on a screen.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The image is not formed on the surface of the mirror. It is formed behind the mirror at a perpendicular distance equal to the distance of the object from the mirror.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The image is laterally inverted. This phenomenon causes the left side of the object to appear as the right side of the image and vice versa (e.g., the letter 'b' appears as 'd').
Key Takeaway:
Images formed by plane mirrors are always virtual, erect, laterally inverted, of the same size as the object, and located at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.