Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Guler School is a prominent school of Pahari miniature painting that flourished in the mid-18th century. It represents a crucial transitional phase, bridging the earlier, stylized Basohli tradition and the later, lyrical Kangra style. It is celebrated for introducing naturalism and refinement into Pahari art.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Guler style is closely associated with the artist Pandit Seu and his two sons, Manak and Nainsukh. This family of artists played a pivotal role in transforming Pahari painting by incorporating Mughal naturalism into the local hill traditions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The statement reverses the stylistic characteristics of the two schools. The Basohli School is characterized by bold lines, glowing primary colors, and a flamboyant, vigorous style. In contrast, the Guler School is known for its subdued elegance, soft and cool colors, and delicate, naturalistic rendering.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Raja Govardhan Chand (1744-1773) was the most significant patron of the Guler School. Under his patronage, the art form reached its zenith, producing some of the finest examples of Pahari miniatures, including the famous Bhagavata Purana series.
Key Takeaway
Guler painting is distinguished by its naturalism, soft coloration, and lyrical quality, largely developed by the family of Pandit Seu under the patronage of Raja Govardhan Chand. It stands in contrast to the bold and intense style of the earlier Basohli School.