The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Gram Sabha is the foundational body of the Panchayati Raj system, defined under Article 243A of the Constitution. It consists of all persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of a Panchayat at the village level.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Constitution does not mandate a specific meeting frequency for the Gram Sabha, nor does it limit it to once every five years. Article 243A empowers the State Legislature to determine the powers, functions, and meeting schedules of the Gram Sabha by law. Most State Panchayati Raj Acts mandate the Gram Sabha to meet at least two to four times annually to ensure continuous public participation and accountability.
- Statement 2 is Correct: One of the primary functions of the Gram Sabha is financial oversight. It is empowered to discuss, scrutinize, and approve the annual budget and the annual statement of accounts of the Gram Panchayat before they are finalized.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Gram Sabha serves as a supervisory body for the elected Gram Panchayat. It reviews the performance of the Panchayat, examines audit reports, and evaluates the progress of development schemes and works undertaken in the village. This function is central to the concept of social audit.
Key Takeaway: The Gram Sabha is a permanent body comprising all registered voters in the village, responsible for approving the Panchayat's budget and reviewing its performance. Its meeting frequency is determined by State laws, typically occurring multiple times a year.