The correct option is (a).
Explanation
A globe is a three-dimensional, spherical scale model of the Earth. It is the most accurate representation of the Earth's shape, designed to depict the relative positions and sizes of continents and oceans without the distortions inherent in flat map projections.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: A globe is defined as a true miniature model (replica) of the Earth. It accurately represents the spherical shape of the planet.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: On a globe, countries, continents, and oceans are all shown in their correct size relative to one another. Unlike flat maps, which often distort the size of areas near the poles (e.g., Mercator projection), a globe maintains area fidelity for both landmasses and water bodies.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A standard globe is not fixed; it is mounted on a needle or axis running through it in a tilted manner. This allows the globe to be rotated, simulating the Earth's rotation on its axis.
Key Takeaway: A globe is the only accurate representation of the Earth's geometry, preserving the correct size, shape, and direction of continents and oceans, and is designed to rotate to demonstrate the Earth's daily motion.