Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Earth's surface is continuously subjected to two types of forces: Endogenic forces (internal) and Exogenic forces (external). These geomorphic processes work in opposition to shape the landforms seen on the surface.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface is primarily the result of the external process (exogenic forces), not the internal process. Internal processes generate relief, while external processes degrade and aggrade the landscape to level it out.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The internal process (endogenic forces) originates from within the Earth. It leads to the upliftment and sinking of the Earth’s surface, creating major landforms like mountains, plateaus, and trenches through diastrophism and volcanism.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The external process involves two main actions:
- Erosion: The wearing away of the Earth’s surface by agents like running water, wind, and ice.
- Deposition: The rebuilding or filling up of depressions using the eroded material.
Key Takeaway
Endogenic forces (internal) are land-building forces that create relief (upliftment/sinking), whereas Exogenic forces (external) are land-wearing forces that modify relief through erosion and deposition.