The correct option is (a).
Explanation
India's geographical extent is defined by distinct physical features, primarily the Himalayan mountain system in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south. These features determine the country's boundaries and its interaction with the surrounding Indian Ocean.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: India is bounded by the Himalayas, which are geologically young and structurally fold mountains. These mountain ranges cover the northern border of India, extending across the northwest, north, and northeast regions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The landmass of India begins to taper south of about 22°N latitude (not 10°N), extending towards the Indian Ocean. This tapering gives the southern part of India its peninsular shape.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: While the tapering landmass does divide the Indian Ocean into two water bodies, the directional placement in the statement is reversed. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and the Bay of Bengal lies to the east of the Indian peninsula.
Key Takeaway:
The Indian mainland is bounded by young fold mountains in the north. The peninsular tapering begins south of 22°N latitude, separating the Arabian Sea on the west from the Bay of Bengal on the east.