The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Ocean waves are oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of the water surface. They represent the transport of energy through the ocean, rather than the physical movement of the water mass itself over long distances.
- Statement 1 is correct: The vast majority of ocean waves are generated by the friction between the wind and the surface water. As wind blows across the water, it transfers energy, creating ripples that eventually grow into larger waves. While other factors like seismic activity (tsunamis) can generate waves, wind is the predominant force.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Waves are highly efficient at transporting energy. Once formed, they can travel thousands of kilometers across the open ocean with minimal energy loss. They do not shrink significantly while moving through deep water; instead, they often organize into uniform patterns called swells. Significant energy loss occurs only when they encounter resistance, such as the seabed in shallow coastal areas.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Waves break when they enter shallow water, specifically when the water depth is less than half the wavelength. As the depth decreases, friction with the sea floor slows the bottom of the wave, causing the crest to steepen and eventually collapse. The condition "depth exceeds twice the wavelength" describes deep-water waves, which are stable and do not break.
Key Takeaway: Wind is the primary source of wave energy. Waves sustain their energy over long distances in the open ocean and break only when the water depth becomes shallow relative to the wavelength, causing instability.