The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Geomorphic processes are classified into two main categories based on their energy source: Endogenic processes (internal forces) and Exogenic processes (external forces). Exogenic processes occur on the Earth's surface and are driven primarily by solar energy and gravitational force.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The upliftment of the land surface is primarily a result of Endogenic processes (such as volcanism and diastrophism) which originate from within the Earth. Exogenic processes are generally responsible for wearing down relief (degradation) rather than uplifting it.
- Statement 2 is Correct. While exogenic processes are often associated with erosion (wearing down), they also include aggradation (deposition). Through deposition, eroded materials are laid down in depressions or basins, which contributes to the rebuilding or filling up of the land surface.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Exogenic processes are driven by geomorphic agents that derive their energy from the atmosphere and gravity. These agents include running water, wind, glaciers (ice), waves, and groundwater, which perform erosion, transportation, and deposition.
Key Takeaway: Endogenic forces are "land building" forces (upliftment), while Exogenic forces are "land wearing" forces (gradation), which involve both erosion (degradation) and deposition (aggradation/rebuilding).