The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the Great Himalayas, on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. The region experiences extreme cold and dryness due to its high altitude and location in the rain shadow area of the Himalayas.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Due to high aridity and low precipitation (often as low as 10 cm annually), the vegetation in Ladakh is extremely sparse. There are scanty patches of grasses and shrubs for animals to graze, primarily found in the valleys. During the summer, fruit trees such as apples, apricots, and walnuts bloom.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Despite the lack of abundant fodder, animal rearing is a significant economic activity in Ladakh. The animals reared are adapted to the harsh climate. Common livestock includes sheep, goats, cows, and yaks. The goats in this region are particularly special because they produce Pashmina wool.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Yak (wild ox) is a vital animal in the Ladakhi ecosystem. It is reared for various purposes, including transport and food. Yak’s milk is commonly used to make cheese and butter. The hair of the yak is used to make tents and blankets.
Key Takeaway: The cold desert ecosystem of Ladakh is characterized by high aridity and sparse vegetation, yet it supports a pastoral economy dependent on animals like Yaks and Pashmina goats.