The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms (flora and fauna) in a specific area. From an ecological perspective, biodiversity is essential for the health of the biosphere, as species function within a complex web of interdependence.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
In an ecosystem, no species can exist in isolation. Every organism plays a specific role (niche) and contributes to the sustenance of other organisms through energy flow (food chains), nutrient cycling, or symbiotic relationships. For example, plants produce energy, herbivores consume plants, and decomposers recycle nutrients.
Statement 2 is Correct:
Higher diversity increases an ecosystem's ability to survive adversities.
2 only
diverse ecosystem has more species with varying traits, ensuring that if one species is affected by a disturbance (like drought or disease), others can compensate and maintain the ecosystem's functions. This is known as ecological resilience.Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Ecosystems with high diversity are generally more stable than those with low diversity. High biodiversity contributes to greater productivity and stability because complex interactions among species create a buffer against environmental changes. Low diversity makes an ecosystem fragile and susceptible to collapse under stress.
Key Takeaway:
Biodiversity is directly proportional to ecosystem stability and resilience. Complex interdependencies among diverse flora and fauna ensure the continuity of life support systems.