Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The distribution of major industries is determined by factors such as raw material availability, historical development, and technological advancement. Traditional industries like iron, steel, and textiles have distinct global footprints compared to modern, knowledge-based sectors.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The iron and steel industry is a heavy industry serving as the backbone of industrial development. Its major locations include Germany, the USA, China, Japan, and Russia. These countries have historically established large-scale production facilities due to the availability of coal, iron ore, and advanced technology.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The textile industry is one of the oldest industries and is not concentrated solely in European nations. While Europe was a historical hub, major concentrations today are found in India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. The industry is widely dispersed globally.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Information Technology (IT) industry is considered an emerging industry. Emerging industries are often referred to as "Sunrise Industries," a term that also encompasses sectors like wellness, hospitality, and space technology.
Key Takeaway: Iron and steel and textiles are older, established industries with global distribution, whereas Information Technology is classified as a "Sunrise Industry" representing newer, rapidly growing sectors.