The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The dietary habits of the Harappan Civilization are reconstructed through archaeological evidence rather than textual records. This field of study involves archaeo-botanists (who study ancient plant remains) and archaeo-zoologists (who study ancient animal remains).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Harappans consumed a diverse diet comprising a wide range of plant and animal products. Archaeological finds include the bones of fish, fowl, sheep, goat, buffalo, and pig, indicating that these animals were part of their diet.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Harappan script remains undeciphered to this day. Therefore, archaeologists cannot rely on written records to understand dietary practices. Instead, they rely on material evidence such as charred grains, seeds, and animal bones found at excavation sites.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Wheat and barley were the staple crops of the Harappan Civilization. Grains found at Harappan sites include wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea, and sesame. Millets have been found in sites in Gujarat, while finds of rice are relatively rare but present.
Key Takeaway:
Harappan subsistence strategies were based on a mix of agriculture (primarily wheat and barley) and animal husbandry. Knowledge of their diet is derived entirely from material remains (archaeo-botany and archaeo-zoology), not written texts.