Consider the following statements regarding the Cooperative Sector industries: 1. They are owned and operated by the government to support small producers. 2. They are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. 3. Sudha Dairy is an example of a cooperative venture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only. Explanation Industries are classified on the basis of ownership into four categories: Private Sector, Public Sector, Joint Sector, and Cooperative Sector. The Cooperative Sector is distinct in its ownership structure, relying on the collective pooling of resources by individuals directly involved in the production process. Statement-wise Analysis: - Statement 1 is Incorrect. Industries owned and operated by the government (agencies) are classified as Public Sector industries (e.g., SAIL, BHEL). The government may support cooperatives, but it does not own and operate them as the primary defining feature. - Statement 2 is Correct. Cooperative Sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. They pool their resources, and the profits or losses are shared proportionately among the members. - Statement 3 is Correct. Sudha Dairy (operated by the Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation Ltd.) is a prominent example of a cooperative venture. Another classic example is Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited). Key Takeaway: The Cooperative Sector is defined by ownership residing with the suppliers of raw materials or workers, distinguishing it from the Public Sector (Government-owned) and Private Sector (Individual/Corporate-owned).

NCERT Class 8 Geography — Chapter 3: Industries

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Consider the following statements regarding the Cooperative Sector industries:

They are owned and operated by the government to support small producers.
They are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both.
Sudha Dairy is an example of a cooperative venture.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 and 2 only
B2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

Industries are classified on the basis of ownership into four categories: Private Sector, Public Sector, Joint Sector, and Cooperative Sector. The Cooperative Sector is distinct in its ownership structure, relying on the collective pooling of resources by individuals directly involved in the production process.

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Incorrect. Industries owned and operated by the government (agencies) are classified as Public Sector industries (e.g., SAIL, BHEL). The government may support cooperatives, but it does not own and operate them as the primary defining feature.
Statement 2 is Correct. Cooperative Sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. They pool their resources, and the profits or losses are shared proportionately among the members.
Statement 3 is Correct. Sudha Dairy (operated by the Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation Ltd.) is a prominent example of a cooperative venture. Another classic example is Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited).

Key Takeaway: The Cooperative Sector is defined by ownership residing with the suppliers of raw materials or workers, distinguishing it from the Public Sector (Government-owned) and Private Sector (Individual/Corporate-owned).

Your note

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The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Incorrect. Industries owned and operated by the government (agencies) are classified as Public Sector industries (e.g., SAIL, BHEL). The government may support cooperatives, but it does not own and operate them as the primary defining feature.
Statement 2 is Correct. Cooperative Sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. They pool their resources, and the profits or losses are shared proportionately among the members.
Statement 3 is Correct. Sudha Dairy (operated by the Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation Ltd.) is a prominent example of a cooperative venture. Another classic example is Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited).