The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is primarily a Kharif crop but exhibits versatility in its climatic requirements, allowing cultivation in different seasons across various regions of India.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Maize requires a moderate temperature range for optimal growth. The ideal temperature range is between 21°C to 27°C. Extremely high or low temperatures can adversely affect the crop yield.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Maize grows best in old alluvial soil which is well-drained and fertile. It does not thrive in saline soils and is sensitive to water stagnation. Sandy saline soils are generally unsuitable for high-yield maize cultivation.
- Statement 3 is Correct: While Maize is predominantly a Kharif crop in India, it is cultivated during the rabi season in states like Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka due to favorable climatic conditions and irrigation facilities during the winter months.
Key Takeaway: Maize is a versatile food and fodder crop requiring moderate temperatures (21°C-27°C) and well-drained old alluvial soil. Though primarily a Kharif crop, it is successfully grown in the Rabi season in states like Bihar.