Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
A distinctive feature of the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was its standardized urban planning. Most Harappan settlements were divided into two distinct sections: the Citadel (or Acropolis) and the Lower Town. This bipartite division reflected a degree of social stratification and organized civic administration.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Citadel was physically smaller in area compared to the Lower Town. It was typically located to the west of the settlement and was constructed on high mud-brick platforms, giving it elevation. It housed important public structures such as granaries, the Great Bath, and administrative buildings.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Lower Town was located to the east and was much larger in area. However, it was situated at a lower level compared to the Citadel. This section contained residential buildings, workshops, and the grid-patterned streets where the common populace lived and worked.
Key Takeaway: In Harappan urban planning, the Citadel (West) was smaller but higher (fortified/administrative), while the Lower Town (East) was larger but lower (residential).