The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The question pertains to two significant art groups in post-independence India, the 'Calcutta Group' and the 'Progressive Artists' Group', focusing on their formation periods, artistic objectives, and geographical origins.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Both groups were formed in the early 1920s.
- Incorrect. The Calcutta Group was formed in 1943, and the Progressive Artists' Group was formed in 1947. Both were established much later than the early 1920s.
- Statement 2: Both groups sought to break away from the older values and conventions of art schools.
- Correct. Both the Calcutta Group and the Progressive Artists' Group emerged with a common objective to challenge academic realism and traditional art forms prevalent in art schools. They aimed to introduce modernism and new artistic expressions into Indian art.
- Statement 3: The Calcutta Group was formed in Bombay, while the Progressive Artists' Group was formed in Calcutta.
- Incorrect. The Calcutta Group was formed in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and the Progressive Artists' Group was formed in Bombay (now Mumbai). The statement reverses their places of formation.
Key Takeaway
The Calcutta Group (1943) and the Progressive Artists' Group (1947) were distinct post-independence art movements that aimed to modernize Indian art by rejecting traditional academic styles, with the Calcutta Group originating in Calcutta and the Progressive Artists' Group in Bombay.