The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Agricultural waste management involves the disposal or recycling of organic residues. The choice of method-burning versus composting-has distinct environmental implications regarding air quality and soil health.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Burning dried leaves or biomass is a combustion process. Combustion consumes oxygen from the atmosphere and releases carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), carbon monoxide ($CO$), particulate matter, and other pollutants. Oxygen is released by plants during photosynthesis, not during burning.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Composting is the natural degradation of organic matter by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) under controlled conditions. This process converts agricultural waste into nutrient-rich manure or humus, which is beneficial for soil fertility.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Composting serves as a sustainable alternative to burning. Instead of releasing pollutants into the air through combustion, the organic waste is recycled to produce compost, thereby closing the nutrient cycle and reducing environmental pollution.
Key Takeaway: Burning organic waste is a source of air pollution and greenhouse gases, whereas composting transforms waste into a resource (manure) without harmful emissions.