The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Sushruta is a foundational figure in the history of ancient Indian medicine and Ayurveda. He is best known for his pioneering contributions to the field of surgery (Shalya-tantra).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Sushruta was a renowned physician and surgeon in ancient India. He is considered one of the "Great Trio" (Brihat-Trayi) of Ayurvedic medicine, alongside Charaka and Vagbhata.
- Statement 2 is Correct: He is credited with authoring the Sushruta Samhita, a comprehensive treatise on medicine and surgery. It remains one of the most important ancient texts on medical science.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Sushruta Samhita does not deal exclusively with general medicine; it is primarily famous for its detailed descriptions of surgical procedures. It covers rhinoplasty (plastic surgery), cataract surgery, lithotomy (removal of stones), and the use of surgical instruments. Sushruta is often referred to as the "Father of Surgery" in India.
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: Historians generally date Sushruta to around 600 BCE, placing him in the period of the Mahajanapadas (associated with the kingdom of Kashi). The 1st century CE is typically associated with Charaka or later redactions of Ayurvedic texts, not the original period of Sushruta.
Key Takeaway:
Sushruta (c. 600 BCE) authored the Sushruta Samhita, a seminal Ayurvedic text that established the foundations of surgery (Shalya-chikitsa), including plastic surgery and the use of surgical instruments.