The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Proper storage of food grains is a critical phase in post-harvest management. It involves specific preparatory steps to protect the produce from biotic factors (insects, rodents, fungi) and abiotic factors (moisture, temperature) to ensure long-term preservation.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Cleaning of the produce before storage is highly recommended, not discouraged. Grains must be cleaned to remove chaff, dirt, weed seeds, and other impurities that could harbor pests or retain moisture, leading to spoilage.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Controlling moisture content is the most crucial factor in grain storage. The standard recommendation is to dry the produce first in sunlight and subsequently in the shade. This process reduces the moisture content to safe limits (usually below 14%), preventing the growth of fungi and molds.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Fumigation is not strictly avoided; rather, it is a standard chemical method used to prevent insect infestation during storage. Chemical fumes (fumigants) are used to kill pests without affecting the grain itself. When performed correctly using approved chemicals, it does not destroy the nutritional value of the grains.
Key Takeaway: The longevity of stored grains depends primarily on strict cleaning, proper drying to reduce moisture content, and the use of safe chemical treatments like fumigation to control pests.