The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Fold mountains are landforms created by the folding of the Earth's crust due to compressive tectonic forces. They are broadly classified based on their geological age into Young Fold Mountains (formed recently in geological terms, e.g., Cenozoic era) and Old Fold Mountains (formed much earlier, e.g., Paleozoic era).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Aravali range in India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. It is not a young mountain system currently rising; instead, it is a relict mountain (residual mountain) that has been significantly worn down by erosion and weathering over millions of years. In contrast, the Himalayas are young fold mountains that are still rising.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Appalachians in North America and the Ural mountains in Russia are classic examples of old fold mountains. Because they were formed hundreds of millions of years ago, they have been subjected to prolonged denudation. Consequently, they exhibit rounded features and have low elevations compared to the high, sharp peaks of young fold mountains.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The Ural mountains are located in Russia. They run approximately north-south and are geographically significant as they traditionally mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Key Takeaway:
The primary distinction between young and old fold mountains lies in their elevation and shape: Young fold mountains (e.g., Himalayas, Alps, Andes) have high, rugged, and sharp peaks, while Old fold mountains (e.g., Aravalis, Appalachians, Urals) have lower elevations and rounded peaks due to extensive erosion.