The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. In eukaryotic cells, there are two distinct types of division: Mitosis (equational division) and Meiosis (reductional division).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Mitosis is the process by which most somatic cells (body cells) divide. It is primarily responsible for growth, tissue repair, and the replacement of worn-out cells in an organism.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: In mitosis, the mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. The formation of four daughter cells occurs in meiosis, which is involved in the production of gametes (sperm and ova).
- Statement 3 is Correct: Mitosis is called equational division because the daughter cells retain the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell. For example, in humans, a diploid cell (46 chromosomes) divides to form two diploid daughter cells (46 chromosomes each).
Key Takeaway:
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number (diploid), whereas Meiosis produces four genetically distinct daughter cells with half the chromosome number (haploid).