The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Fisheries are classified broadly into marine fisheries (capture from seas and oceans) and inland fisheries (capture or culture in fresh water and brackish water). Marine resources include coastline waters and the deep sea, utilizing various technologies for yield optimization.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: India's marine fishery resources include a vast coastline and deep seas. Popular marine fish varieties include pomphret, mackerel, tuna, sardines, and Bombay duck. These are harvested extensively for consumption and export.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Satellites and echo-sounders are primarily used in marine fisheries to locate large schools of fish in the open ocean. While technology can be applied in various sectors, the statement that they are "exclusively used for inland fisheries" is factually wrong. Inland fisheries often rely on aquaculture or capture in smaller water bodies where such extensive remote sensing is less critical compared to the vastness of the open sea.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Marine fish farming, often referred to as mariculture, involves the culture of marine organisms in seawater. This includes finfish like Mullets, Bhetki, and Pearl spots, as well as shellfish such as prawns, mussels, and oysters (also cultivated for pearls).
Key Takeaway:
Marine fisheries involve the capture of high-value fish like tuna and mackerel using advanced technology like echo-sounders, whereas mariculture specifically refers to the farming of marine species, including shellfish, in seawater conditions.