Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
India possesses a vast coastline of approximately 7,516.6 km, which includes the mainland coast and the island territories. The Indian peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, dividing it into the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. This strategic location is central to trans-Indian Ocean routes.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: India's long coastline and strategic location at the head of the Indian Ocean have historically helped in establishing commercial and cultural contact with the outside world. The trans-Indian Ocean routes connect the industrially developed countries of Europe in the west and the developing countries of East Asia.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The western coast faces the Arabian Sea. It facilitates close contact with West Asia, Africa, and Europe from the western coast, rather than East Asia.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The eastern coast faces the Bay of Bengal. It facilitates close contact with Southeast Asia and East Asia, rather than West Asia.
Key Takeaway: The geographical orientation of India's peninsula ensures that the western coast connects to the West (West Asia, Africa, Europe), while the eastern coast connects to the East (Southeast Asia, East Asia).